ADP7104

Guzik ADP7104 High-Performance Digitizer and Digital Processor combine high-speed waveform digitizer with built-in digital signal processing, which both enable mixed-domain signal capture and analysis with high-speed data transfer links to computers. The ADP7104 comes in a display-less 2U high 19” rack mountable Guzik enclosure form factor.

The product addresses demanding Electronic Test and Measurement (ETM), Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) and Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) systems applications in advanced research such as 5G, wireline and wireless communications analysis, hydrodynamics, plasma fusion, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mass spectrometry (MS), fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF–MS), matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), liquid chromatography (LC-MS), gas chromatography (GC-MS), ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), electron spin resonance (ESR) rotational spectroscopy, semiconductor, asynchronous and synchronous contactless Electro-Optical voltage Probing (EOP), Visible Laser Probing (VLP), Laser Voltage Probing (LVP), Laser Time Probing (LTP), Laser Scanning Microscopy (LSM), Laser Voltage Imaging (LVI), Photon Emission (PEM), physics, astronomy, aerospace, defense, avionics, military, radar electronics and a variety of other disciplines. The wide analog bandwidth and high sampling rate of the digitizers provide multi band coverage on multiple input channels. For example, the direct RF-sampling capabilities of the digitizers cover radar signals in HF, VHF, UHF, L-, S-, C-, and part of X-band. Direct RF-sampling reduces the overall system complexity by eliminating several input analog down-conversion stages.

The ADP7104 digitizer feature 10-bit Keysight Analog to Digital A/D converters with sampling rates up to 2 x 32 Gsa/s and analog bandwidth DC to 10 GHz with range adjustable front end (-32 dBm to +22 dBm with 1 dB steps).  The ADP7104 with up to 256 GBytes of acquisition memory, delivers the longest waveform capture time window available in a high bandwidth analog to digital converter instrument.

ADP7104 features an FPGA-based reconfigurable digital signal processor with up to 2 channel 32 Gsa/s combined processing speed to convey massive time-critical computations directly inside the instrument.

The PCI Express Gen 3 link provides fast control access and DMA transfer of the acquired data to the host computer’s GPU and CPU-based processing back-end. The PCIe Gen 3 x8 link delivers up to 5 GByte/s of user data transfer rate. In addition, four dedicated Optical Data Interfaces can be configured for Real-Time Continuous Streaming to DP9000, host PCs or RAIDs at up to 2 x 32 Gsa/s (80 GByte/s).

A Software Development Kit is supplied to control the instrument and to integrate the ADP7107 into an existing measurement system. Guzik also supplies Signal Display Soft Front Panel graphical interface application for signal capturing and visualization.

The block diagram below shows the main components of the modular instrument:

Figure 1. Block Diagram of ADP7000 Module

Guzik ADP7107 Digitizer

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¹ With 15/16 memory utilization and 256 GByte memory

Data Acquisition System

At the heart of the ADP7107 digitizer is state of the art high-speed real-time 10-bit analog to digital converter (ADC) ASICs supplied by Keysight Technologies, which provide high speed waveform capture with 4x more vertical resolution and better SNR than 8-bit ADC-s.

A low-noise front-end amplifier/attenuator is connected to each input channel, which enables user selectable wide operational vertical input range.

The patented² Guzik digital frequency response equalization further improves the signal fidelity and effective number of bits.

At the maximum sampling rate of 32 Gsa/s (31.25 psec per point), the ADP7104 can capture up to 3.2 seconds of a real-time waveform into its ultra-long acquisition memory per channel in two channel mode.

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² U.S. Patent 7,408,495

Internal Clock

Internal clock accuracy is critical for deep-memory applications. The multi channel digitizers achieve precise time accuracy with a next-generation premium ultra low phase noise time base architecture. Time scale accuracy of (50 parts per billion versus Temperature) after calibration and down to 50 fs of intrinsic jitter.

Channel Trigger

The ADP7104 digitizer features a digital processing trigger.  This feature makes use of the real-time hardware waveform processing capability and allows you to define trigger parameters based on the actual digital waveform data.  This trigger is available on any input channel. In addition, four external trigger/gate source inputs are provided. Trigger conditions are set using the Signal Display software tool or from your application via SDK.

Processing Overview and Capabilities

ADP7104 digitizer provide various options for signal processing: FPGA, GPU, and CPU-based processing.

FPGA-Based Processing

Inside the ADP7104 digitizer are four Intel Altera Arria^TM 10 FPGAs for processing. These core processing elements combined with Guzik’s implementation of customer-specified measurement algorithms provide end users with a truly tailored measurement solution where speed and throughput count.

The FPGA-based processor combined with Guzik’s custom engineering capabilities provides you with the possibility to perform digital signal processing directly in ADP7104 digitizer prior to sending waveform data out to computer.  Many applications may require only processed results to be sent to the host computer rather than raw waveform data.  Guzik can work directly with customers to implement custom processing capabilities drawing from years of experience in waveform analysis.  Choice of firmware options includes channel equalization, filtering, multi-segment time-tagged acquisition, Real-Time Digital Down Conversion (DDC), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), waveform min/max, Real-Time Waveform Averaging, and parameter calculations among others are all available along with application-specific requests. Guzik can provide custom services after a technical consultation regarding the specific application and required processing.

The combined FPGA processing resources are listed in the table below:

Real-Time Digital Down-Conversion (DDC) with de-embedding equalizer and IF Magnitude trigger

The Guzik ADP7104 10-bit 16/32 Gsa/s digitizer can directly sample RF signals at DC to 6.5 GHz on four channels or DC to 10 GHz on two channels simultaneously and in Real-Time Digitally Down-Convert (DDC) the signals to digital I-Q baseband.

The digital down-conversion FPGA block diagram, equalization filtering, re-sampling and decimation process is shown below:

The patented digital down converter with an equalizer translates an ADC output signal to a low frequency spectral region, followed by decimation. All operations of correction of the processed signal are carried out with a reduced sampling rate compared with sampling rates of the prior art. Equalization is performed only in a frequency pass band of the down converter. The achieved reduction of the required computation resources is sufficient to enable the down converter with equalization to operate in a real time mode at up to 32 Giga samples per second (Gsa/s).

The data from the ADC is transferred directly to the DDC with digital equalizer, then to the memory and from memory to the analysis software. The down conversion is implemented by two multipliers with Sin/Cos LO signals. The LO signals area created per channel settable with a 44-bit Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO) design inside the FPGA-s and allows to set the DDC center frequency per channel with 0.0018 Hz resolution for 32 Gsa/s and 0.0009 Hz for 16 GSa/s mode.

Down converted signals connected through LPF/decimator to I/Q memory and are then transferred to PC.

Real-Time DDC per channel settable user-span has a 1 Hz setting resolution and  has an oversampling factor of 1.28x. For a signal with 1 GHz user-span the DDC output data-rate is 1.28 GSa/s. Each sample pair of I & Q is coded on 16/32 bits (8/16-bit I and 8/16-bit Q). For every user span bandwidth reduction by four, the signal to-noise ratio (SNR) is improved by 6 dB or 1 bit of vertical resolution.

The Real-Time IF magnitude trigger allows setting a level the signal needs to achieve at a specified center frequency per channel and allows the data for the signal of interest to pass to the I/Q memory this allows to Start and Stop Variable Length Segments on the IF Magnitude.

In many applications input signal can be easily down converted with the use of up-front analog down converter to the Intermediate Frequency (IF) within the analog signal bandwidth of the ADP7104. The digital de-embedding equalization technology can then be extended to external mmWave down-converters which are working together with the wideband digitizer to create a calibrated receiver.

Note: ADC_ADDCRT1 option license is required to enable the Real-Time DDC, ADC_BB option license is required to control the de-embedding equalizer and ADC_VSM1 option license is required to enable Variable Length Segment Mode. Maximum supported Real-Time down converter user span for the modulated signal is 2.5 GHz in 16G/32 Gsa/s mode (ADP7104) and 1.56 GHz in 10/20 Gsa/s mode (ADP7084).

Real-Time Stream Processing Architecture via Fiber Optics

The ADP7104 digitizer introduces Real-Time Stream Processing Architecture via fiber optics interconnect technology. It allows to cascade additional DP9000 processors together with the ADP7104 digitizer to achieve higher memory capacity and processing capabilities.

Combined with the Optical Bridge Interface Card the DP7000 can be connected to external PC-s and RAID arrays via the fiber optics interconnect technology.

Continuous streaming to additional DP7000-s, host PCs or RAIDs at up to 640 Gbps is shown in the block diagram illustrating the connections and data throughput:

PCI Express Host Computer Control Interface

The ADP7104 provides PCI Express Gen 3 x4 and x8 interface. The PCI Express bridge card installs into the host computer, and a standard PCI Express x8 cable connects the AXIe chassis to the host computer.
High speed waveform transfer with sustained user data rates up to 5 GByte/sec is possible from this port back to the host computer.

GPU-based Processing

General-purpose computation on graphic hardware allows developers to reuse the computational algorithms available for GPU or develop their own algorithms on CUDA C or OpenCL.  NVidia^® GeForce GTX 1080⁴ GPU can be shipped as an option with the ADP7000.  It is possible to use any NVidia^® GPU with computing capability 2.0 or higher, if its power requirements are satisfied by the computer.

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⁴ Current configuration.  More powerful GPU cards may be shipped in the future

CPU-based Processing

In addition to FPGA-based and GPU-based computation, customers have an option to perform signal processing using a computer CPU.  Multi-core processing libraries, such as OpenMP, allow utilizing full power of modern 12-core CPU computers. Once more powerful computers with additional cores are released, you can upgrade your computer keeping your existing ADP7000 Digitizer Module.

Ultra-fast GPU-based FFT Measurements⁵

ADP7104 digitizer performs frequency domain analysis using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) calculated on a GPU. Single NVIDIA® GTX GPU card performs FFT calculations at a 2.5 Gsa/s processing speed.  This means, for example, that collecting data at 10 Gsa/s for 100 µs, processing in 400 µs, the full signal spectrum up to 5 GHz with resolution bandwidth 10 kHz – 500,000 spectral lines would take less than 0.5 ms.

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⁵ Available using the Software Development Kit (GSA SDK)

Temperature Stabilization

The ADP7104 digitizer modules keep constant temperature for the critical A-to-D components for better measurement accuracy. Tested at ambient temperatures from 15°C to 35°C in standard AXIe chassis.

External Clock and I/O

The ADP7000 Modules feature 50 ohm SMA connectors for inputs and MCX connectors for clock, external gate and control I/O connections.

One Synchronization Clock Input and Output. The Synchronization Clock Input supports 50 MHz, 100 MHz or 200 MHz reference clock frequencies. The front-panel built-in Synchronization Clock Distributor allows precise time synchronization of more than one digitizer to increase the number of phase coherent digitizer channels available in a system.

One ADC 1 GHz Reference Clock Input and Output.

Four Gate Inputs are available to trigger the instrument from external control signals or markers.

Four Test Outputs are available for custom application support and system integration.

External I/O dynamic scenario port provides real-time control access to processing
FPGA’s. Precise DDC carrier frequency, phase and amplitude settings are possible in real-time through the sequencer control. Complex operations such as frequency sweeps are possible.

ADP7000 provides a programmable built-in calibrator with a variety of test signals. Automatic calibration routine is run during every application start while initializing the sub-systems to ensure accurate operation of the instrument. In addition, the calibrator signals can be user switched to output the test signals to the front panel output connector.

Please contact us for more information.

GSA Toolkit Software, Keysight Frequency and Time Domain Measurement and Analysis Software

Guzik provides a GSA Toolkit to control the ADP7104 digitizer, which includes three software components:

1. Interchangeable Virtual Instrument (IVI) Digitizer Compliant Instrument Driver
2. GSA SDK – software development kit to create custom standalone applications for ADP7104 or to integrate ADP7104 into an existing software environment; please refer to “Guzik Signal Analyzer Software Development Kit User’s Guide” document P/N 02-107544 for more details.
3. Signal Display application designed for easy instrument setup, waveform acquisition and visualization. Signal Display provides oscilloscope-like graphical user interface to display multiple signal waveforms, control acquisition parameters (sampling rate, duration, trigger settings, etc), and perform multiple trigger (multi-sector) acquisitions. The application allows for saving acquired signals to the computer storage. You can also load and display signals from files in various formats, including the previously saved waveforms. One of the useful features of Signal Display is tracking (monitoring) acquired signals during GSA SDK-based application execution.  Please refer to “Signal Display User’s Guide” document P/N 02-107548 for more details.

Guzik ADP7104 Digitizers integrate seamlessly with the following Keysight Software Packages to provide live connectivity for hardware accelerated Frequency and Time Domain Measurement and Analysis capabilities.

Infiniium Hosted Oscilloscope Interface Software for Digitizers (N8901A)

Key Features & Specifications

• Requires a License from Keysight

More information at www.keysight.com/find/InfiniiumUserInterface

Vector Signal Analyzer Software (89600 VSA and WLA)

More information at http://www.keysight.com/find/89600

Wideband Waveform Analyzer (81199A)

Key Features & Specifications

Description

Licensing

• Requires a License from Keysight

More information at www.keysight.com/find/81199A

Keysight PDW Collector Software (PS-X10-100)

Key Features & Specifications

• Convert RF Pulses to Pulse Descriptor Words (PDWs)
  • 1, 2, or 4 RF Channels
  • Dynamic range of > 60 dB
  • Operating range of +22 dBm to -32 dBm
  • Frequency range set by ADP7000 digitizer
• Rapidly Collect and Process Data
  • Designed to work in a dense RF environment
  • Fast capture and Off-Load time
  • Variable Segmented Acquisition Capture Support
  • Deep Acquisition Memory, 128 GB per module (256 GB future)
  • Real-Time up-to 2.5 GHz/Channel user band DDC Implemented in digitizer hardware for Speed (ADP7104)
  • Real-Time DDC with de-embedding equalizer for external converters
  • Variable Segment Length with Real Time DDC. Removes any pulse width constraint and adjusts segment length based on incoming pulse signal data.
• Provide Detailed Display, Processing, and Export Tools
  • Capture and Display Power, Frequency, and Phase vs Time
  • Capture and Process PDW information on large collection of pulses
  • Graphical Display of Parameters vs Time or as a Histogram
  • Filter, Search, and Determine Statistics on Collected Parameters
  • Export PDW results in a *.csv format
  • SQL Data-basing of PDW Information
• Remote Interface
  • Socket or Scripting Method for Remote Control
  • API Description Document Available

Operating Modes

• Pulse Capture and Display
  • Power/Frequency/ or Phase vs Time
  • Output to GUI graphs
  • Single or Repetitive Capture
  • Designed for quick checkout and setup

• PDW Capture Mode
  • Batch Processing (Acquire/Process/Display)
  • Construct PDW information from signal data acquired
  • Features
    • Plot Parameters and/or Pulses
    • Search and Filtering
    • Advanced Plotting / Scatter Plots
    • Export Results

Licensing

• Requires a License from Keysight

For more information contact sales@guzik.com

Information about the available firmware and software options for the ADP7104:

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⁶ U.S. Patent 7,408,495

⁷ U.S. Patent 9,641,191

Mapping of Required Options to Licenses and Supported Software

The following table describes available options that can be purchased, the required and optional license or licenses for running each software utility, and the sample utilities that can be run if that product is purchased.

Real-Time Digital Down-Converting Specification

Built-in capture memory with Real-Time Digital Down-Converter (ADC_ADDCRT1)

The ADP7104 digitizer have excellent performance characteristics, critical for wideband signal capture.

Production statistics for 40-channels (10 different ADP7104 modules):

Sample Rate	4 Channel Mode – 16 Gsa/s	2 Channel Mode – 32 Gsa/s	2 Channel Mode – 32 Gsa/s
Analog Bandwidth (-3dB)	6.5 GHz	6.5 GHz	10 GHz
Amplitude Flatness @ -6 dBFs, -32 dBm to +22 dBm full scale (1 dB steps) (all values are typical and based on statistics)	± 0.2 dB, fin= DC…6.0 GHz -3 dB, fin= 6.5 GHz	± 0.2 dB, fin= DC…6.0 GHz -3 dB, fin= 6.5 GHz	± 0.2 dB, fin= DC…8.0 GHz ± 0.5 dB, fin= 8.0…9.5 GHz -3 dB, fin= 10 GHz
Group Delay @ -6 dBFS, 1 dBm / 700 mV full scale (all values are typical and based on statistics)	± 15 ps, fin= 500MHz…4.5 GHz ± 25 ps, fin= 4.5…6.0 GHz	N/A	± 15 ps, fin= 500MHz…6.5 GHz ± 25 ps, fin= 6.5…9.5 GHz
		N/A
ENOB @ -3 dBFS, -4 dBm / 400 mV full scale (all values are typical and based on statistics)	6.5, fin= DC…5.0 GHz 6.4, fin= 5.0…6.5 GHz	6.6, fin= DC…6.5 GHz	6.2, fin= DC…1.0 GHz 6.1, fin= 1.0…4.0 GHz 5.9, fin= 4.0…5.0 GHz 6.2, fin= 5.0…10.0 GHz
SFDR @ -3 dBFS, -4 dBm / 400 mV full scale (excluding harmonic distortion) (all values are typical and based on statistics)	-64 dBc, fin= DC…1 GHz -64 dBc, fin= 1…3 GHz -50 dBc, fin= 3…6.5 GHz	-64 dBc, fin= DC…1 GHz -64 dBc, fin= 1…3 GHz -50 dBc, fin= 3…6.5 GHz	-64 dBc, fin= DC…3 GHz -64 dBc, fin= 3…5 GHz -60 dBc, fin= 5…7 GHz -60 dBc, fin= 7…9 GHz -58 dBc, fin= 9…10 GHz
HD2, 2nd Harmonic @ -3 dBFS, -4 dBm / 400 mV full scale (all values are typical and based on statistics)	-62 dBc, fin= DC…1 GHz -55 dBc, fin= 1…2 GHz -53 dBc, fin= 2…3 GHz	-62 dBc, fin= DC…1 GHz -55 dBc, fin= 1…2 GHz -53 dBc, fin= 2…3 GHz	-61 dBc, fin= DC…1 GHz -56 dBc, fin= 1…2 GHz -53 dBc, fin= 2…3 GHz -46 dBc, fin= 3…4 GHz -43 dBc, fin= 4…6 GHz
HD3, 3rd Harmonic @ -3 dBFS, -4 dBm / 400 mV full scale (all values are typical and based on statistics)	-52 dBc, fin= DC…1 GHz -51 dBc, fin= 1…2 GHz	-52 dBc, fin= DC…1 GHz -51 dBc, fin= 1…2 GHz	-52 dBc, fin= DC…1 GHz -50 dBc, fin= 1…2 GHz -48 dBc, fin= 2…3 GHz -45 dBc, fin= 3…4 GHz
RMS noise @ -4 dBm / 400 mV full scale (all values are typical and based on statistics)	1.139 mVrms	1.190 mVrms	1.490 mVrms

• Using digital equalizer: 7,408,495 Digital equalization of multiple interleaved analog-to-digital converters – August 5, 2008
• Group Delay measured using: 9,933,467 Group delay measurement apparatus and method – April 3, 2018

If bandwidth of signal is smaller than the digitizer analog bandwidth, the baseband digital filtering and decimation can be used to increase ENOB and reduce data amount needed to be transferred to the PC for post processing.

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Note: all limited band measurements with 1 GHz CW, -3 dBFS, -4 dBm / 400 mV full scale

[1] Data measured on 333 MHz input signal.

The ADP7000 digitizers have much improved noise floor and fewer spurious components compared to 8-bit technology.

• Using: 7,408,495 Digital equalization of multiple interleaved analog-to-digital converters – August 5, 2008

The digitizer has excellent internal ADC sample clock reference with low phase noise shown below:

Note the phase noise above is measured with Rohde & Schwarz FSWP8 Phase Noise Analyzer and VCO Tester under static condition and excludes microphonic sensitivity.

RF Characteristics

For wideband RF applications, the preliminary RF characteristics for the ADP7104 Series Digitizer are listed below with graphs showing characterization results. Preliminary RF characteristics values from measured results with ADP7104 in 2-channel 32 Gsa/s mode.

It is critical to have good Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR), also known as the Adjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR). It is defined as the ratio between the total power of the adjacent channel to the power of the carrier channel. Below is wide-band 2.4 GHz signal bandwidth 3×800 MHz QPSK with 1 GHz spacing at IF carrier (0.1 Alpha filter) generated by M8195A. Measured EVM and ACP-Adjacent Channel Power with VSA 89600 using ADP7104

VSA shows an EVM for IEEE 802.11 QAM 64 centered at 2.4 GHz of 0.5%. Modulated signal generated by N5182B MXG X-Series RF Vector Signal Generator with Internal Correction Factors turned On.

VSA shows an EVM for IEEE 802.11 QAM 64 centered at 5.8 GHz of 0.47%. Modulated signal generated by N5182B MXG X-Series RF Vector Signal Generator with Internal Correction Factors turned On.

VSA shows an excellent TOI value of 26.6 dBm. Signals generated by two phase locked Keysight 83712B Synthesized CW Generators, combined through coax low-pass filters, attenuators and Keysight 11667B Power Splitter.

Specifications[4]

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[1] With digital equalization

[2] 6-pole Butterworth approximation

[3] Calculated based on Tr = 0.43/BW

[4] Specification values provided are preliminary based on two samples. Specifications are subject to change.

Datasheet

02-107761 Guzik ADP7104 Digitizer Datasheet

Solutions

02-107763 Guzik Real-Time 640 Gbps Acquisition, Streaming and Storage